05 June, 2008

What are the qualitative differences between IM program and a 3d environment?

I think MSN it's easier to learn. I'm thinking about my mother: was not difficult to explain her how to use MSN while I think 3D words are too much for her. What I'm tryng to say is that maybe MSN allows more adult/old people to get involved in the chats. Another big difference is that MSN allows you to socialize but only between your contacts (people you already know), while in 3D worlds chats there are many people that you don't know and you can speak them at any time. I prefer MSN to socialize, even if I really appreciate the opportunity to know other people that 3D words give you. When you meet people in this way you don't know nothing sure about them: you only know what they tell you. When you start to know a person you use all your senses to understand who she is, but in 3d worlds this is not possible, that's the reason why I prefer to communicate with people I've met face to face at least one time in my life

Complete the excercises using Microsoft Word and Excel

Word has been useful to me in the past (writing my final thesis I've learnt how to use it), so the exercises for Word were simple and I didn't have many problems, even if, I have to admit, I'm still quite slow. We had to use the software to "Tracking Changes" and to "Mail Merge". I didn't know how to do the Mail Merge part so I used the Word help function and I found out how to use that.

Even if the tasks for Excel were basic, I have never had to use it before, so I was a little confuse and I found the excercises hard to figure out. Typing into cells and working graphs was not so difficult in the end, but I didn't even try the advanced tasks. I understand that this software can be very useful, but at present I'm not motivated to learn how to use it.

11 May, 2008

"ICT for education. Affordability and constrains of interactive educational multimedia" (my essay)

Information and communication technology (ICT) is seen as having great potential for
revolutionizing education. What is missing in much of the current debate is a theoretical perspective on the learning processes that can be used as a foundation for creative recommendations of how to construct pedagogically valuable tools based on ICT. There is a wide range of aspects of the use of ICT in education that should be discussed. In this essay two different aspects are discussed in order to have an idea about affordability and constrains of interactive educational multimedia.
As Olson says (Olson, 1990)[1] “…narrative serves to make events comprehensible, memorable and communicable”. Narrative is central to the processes of understanding, remembering, and communicating that underpin teaching and learning. Lydia Plowman points out the importance of a narrative structure for understanding in educational setting. Plowman examines under what circumstances interactive educational multimedia can provide a narrative structure, trying to find a balance between freedom and linearity for the students’ interaction with the material. Teachers lose some of this control over the learning process once interactive media are introduced into teaching for logistical reasons such as because the students are using tutorial-type software. Plowman investigated teaching and learning with interactive media (Plowman, 1996a)[2] and in this study found that learners lacked overall strategies for dealing with a task because they preferred to try out different possibilities fairly arbitrarily at the computer; Decision making and associated physical interaction with the computer intrude on and militate against coherence of the learning experience, with the result that learning can then become fragmented. Reading this article I thought about the role of human teachers. The design of interactive media is still a long way from being as sophisticate as teacher: they provide narrative guidance, are able to elicit knowledge from students and respond to them, they are able to take account of the individuality of learners, the social context and environment. They provide what Mercer(1995)[3] called the guided construction of knowledge, so my opinion is that the teacher’s role must remain central to the learning process.
Cuban(2001)[4] reports that teachers tend to view computers as audiovisual equipment and use them to support rather than drive teaching and learning. In contrast to the situation in mainstream schools, ICT in many special schools has become an everyday and essential element of teaching and learning. The reason for the importance of ICT in special needs education is a consequence of the many innovations that have occurred in the ways in which technology can support children with special needs. Virtual environments, for people with learning difficulties, have been described by Cromby et al.(1996)[5](Standen et al. 2001)[6]. Virtual environments (“Virtual reality”) are computer generated, three-dimensional environments which respond in real time to the activity of the users: the user moves through the apparent three-dimensional space shown on screen, and interacts with items in the environment using standard computer input device such as keyboard, mouse, joystick, spaceball or touch screen. A tutor working beside the learner can create an atmosphere in which learning is enhanced through maintaining the learner’s attention, through sharing activities and by assigning meaning to the learner’s behaviour by relating it to material they already know. Vigotsky highlighted the importance of working with a tutor in this way (Vygotsky 1978)[7]. Cromby draws attention to three characteristics of virtual environments that make them particularly appropriate for people with learning difficulties. First virtual environments create the opportunity to learn by making mistakes but without suffering the real humiliating or dangerous consequences of their errors; Secondly, virtual worlds can be manipulated: a simple world could be constructed first and, as the user becomes more familiar with the task, more complex worlds can be substituted. Thirdly, in virtual environments, rules and abstract concepts can be conveyed without the use of language or the symbol systems, because they have their own “natural semantic” (Bricken 1991)[8], in that the qualities of objects can be discovered by interacting with them. Reading works about the use of virtual environments suggest to me that they have potential to helping with the acquisition of skills, which would increase independence for people with learning disabilities (Florian, Hegarty)[9]. One of the main problem is to keep costs down and make the system user-friendly so that this aid to learning is widely available and usable by as many people with learning difficulties as possible; But anyway I think that virtual reality offers a useful additional teaching opportunity.
To draw a conclusion there are lot of issues using new communication technologies for lerning, such as “Digital Divide”: that term has come to mean a lack of equal access to electronic resources (Fishman,1999)[10].Beside the bottleneck of the progress of ICT in education is our “lack of understanding of the complex process contributing to human learning and how they interact with new technologies”(Gardenfors, Johansson, 2005)[11]. Moreover successful ICT use requires a mixture of professionalism both in the technical expertise and in the teaching aspects of ICT. But ICTs have great potential for revolutionizing education. It is positive that some efforts were made to implement distance education in a technologically impoverished region and to help schools learn how to use computing as a learning(Rubens2000)[12]. There are more and more opportunities to acquire software and resources from the Internet. This includes both sites that are specifically designed for teachers and those maintained by companies or organizations that have useful resources for special educational needs work (Department of Education and skills, 2002)[13]. There are also sites maintained by local authorities (Lewisham Borought Council 2002)[14] that offer a selection of links to useful resources for teachers. In conclusion, I believe that large investments in research in psychology, pedagogy and communication must be made.

References

Bricken, W. (1991) Training in virtual reality, in Proceeding of the 1st International Conference on Virtual Reality. London: Mecler International.

Cromby, J.J., Standen, P.J. and Brown, D.J. (1996) The potentials of virtual environments in the education and training of people with learning disabilities, Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 40: 489-501

Cuban L. (2001) Why are most teacher infrequent and restrained users of computers in their classroom?, in J. WoodWard and L. Cuban (eds) Techonology, Curriculum and Professional Development: Adapting Schools to Meet the Needs of Students with Disabilities. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press

Department for education and skills (2002) SEN – Excellence for All (http://www.dfes.gov.uk/sen/)

Florian L., Hegarty J., 2004, ICT and special educational needs, McGraw-Hill Education, England

Fishman, Barry J. "Characteristics of Students Related to Computer-mediated Communications Activity." Journal o f Research on Computing in Education. 32: 73-98, 1999

Gardenfors P., Johansson P. (2005), Cognition, education and communication technology, Lawrence Erlbaum Assiciates Publishers, London

Lewisham Borough Council(2002) T@lent ICT training for teachers: special educational needs and ICT (http://ecs.lewisham.gov.uk/talent/pricor/sen.htlm )

Mercer, N. (1995). The guided construction of knowledge. Clevedon, England: multilingual Matters.

Olson, D.R. (1990). Thinking about narrative. In B. Britton & A. Pellegrini (Eds.), Narrative thought and narrative language (pp.99-111). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates

Plowman L., (1996a). Designing interactivity media for schools: a review based on contextual observation. Information Design Journal, 8, 258-266.

Standen, P.J., Brown, D.J. and Cromby, J.J. (2001) The effective use of virtual environments in the education and rehabilitation of pupils with intellectual disabilities, British Journal of Educational Technology, www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1467-8535.00199

Rubens ,P., Southard, S., Using new technologies for communication and learning, http://portal.acm.org.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/citation.cfmid=504800.504829&coll=ACM&dl=ACM&CFID=27360439&CFTOKEN=96777154

Vygotsky,L.S. (1978) Mind in society: The development of higer Psychological Processe. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Outline for the essay

I’m interest in the potential of ICT for education, but new communications technologies have developed so fast that for me, as a psychologist, a questions rise: Does exist a theoretical perspective on the learning process that can be used as a foundation of how to construct pedagogically valuable tools based on ICT? Which(what) are the affordability and constrains of interactive educational multimedia? This two questions were too open and complex to answer, so I decided to find answers to smaller questions, trying to get an idea of the affordability or constrains of ICT. Great help come to me from DBLP that provides bibliographic information on major computer science journals and proceedings and psychinfo, but in writing this essay I used, more books. So…“Teachers are going to lose some of their control over the learning process once interactive media are introduced into teaching?” Lydia Plowman (Plowman, 1996a)points out the importance of a narrative structure for understanding in educational setting, but in her study found that learners with interactive media lacked overall strategies for dealing with a task. Another question is “In which way or in which field teaching with interactive media is better than teaching in an old style way?” I discovered that ICT in special needs education is very important, as I read in Cromby(Cromby, 1997), who draws attention to three characteristics of virtual environments that make them particularly appropriate for people with learning difficulties .I concluded that there are lot of issues using new communication technologies for learning, such as “Digital Divide” and the lack of understanding of the complex process contributing to human learning and how they interact with new technologies. But if the study in pedagogy and psychology will go on I think ICT could revolutionizing education.

14 April, 2008

Two wikipedia articles/entries about topics that I know something about

The Raft of the Medusa is a work by the French painter Theodore Gericault and I know this painting very well. In my opinion from Wikipedia you can get a very good description of the work, but it depends on what are you interest in. If you are looking for a general idea of the Raft of the Medusa I think that Wikipedia description is correct and full, but if you are interest in art it’s not so high specific. First of all, as Wikipedia says, The Raft of the Medusa is a political statement, but in the Wikipedia articles historical circumstances are not clear. The scandal arouse in France because the incompetent captain of the Franch frigate Medusa left 139 people from the lower class on a raft and they remain there for 13 days; Just 13 person survived. Moreover in the articles from Wikipedia an accurate description of the elements of the work is not available. Wiki does not state that in the painting there is a “movement” from the left side to the right side. On the left side of the raft there are the men who lost hope. There is an old man painted in neoclassical style that keep on the rasp the body of a young boy dead. This boy is still wearing his socks and this is a sign of realism; On the right side there are the man that still have an hope and their nude body are realistic too, in fact they look like a tribute to Michelangelo. What’ s more the painting shows a pyramidal pattern made by the mast and by the two ropes and the structure of the composition is very similar to “Liberty Leading the people” (Eugene Delacroix).

Il sentiero dei nidi di ragno, in English “The path to the Nest of spiders”, is the wonderful first novel of the Italian 20th century writer Italo Calvino. The English article from Wikipedia about this book is really poor. The article summarize the plot in a so simple way that it’ s impossible to understand why this book is a masterpiece of literature. I suggest that an article about this book should start with an explanation on the characters. For example Pin is a kid how lives with her sister, a prostitute, during the second world wars. Pin love spend his time with adult persons but, when he steal a nazi gun and join partisans, he realize that life is based just on sex and violence, even among partisan that are heroes. It’ s important to underline that this book deal with the Italian Resistance against Fascism not in a rhetorical way ( it’s not an apologia of resistance), but from the point of view of a child. In the novel you can find a mix of fable an reality. Moreover in the Wikipedia article there is no reference to the importance of the nature in the book, that is a feature of Calvino’s style. In the end it’s so important in describing a Calvino’s novel to say something about his incredible vocabulary and style: the dialogues are in an popular and sometimes robe language but he describes meticulously the characters soul.

How do the ideas from Walter Benjamin apply to contemporary digital media?

How do the ideas from Walter Benjamin's "Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction" apply to contemporary digital media?There was a time when "Art" was made by artists who were skilled professionals. Now that anyone with a computer can create things digitally (music, images, videos, etc), what does that mean for "art"? Is a photoshopped image "authentic"? Do digital "things" have an "aura" (in Benjamin's terms)?

Benjamin thought that the presence of the original is the prerequisite to the concept of authenticity for a work of art. Now let’ s think about digital technologies process reproduction that is more independent of the original than manual reproduction (in photography, process reproduction can bring out those aspects of the original that are unattainable to the naked eye). He also wrote that since the historical testimony rests on the authenticity, the former, is jeopardized by reproduction when substantive duration ceases to matter. And what is really jeopardized when the historical testimony is affected is the authority of the object For art that means the aura of the work of art withers in the age of mechanical reproduction. mechanical reproduction emancipates the work of art from its parasitical dependence on ritual. To an ever greater degree the work of art reproduced becomes the work of art designed for reproducibility. ; to ask for the “authentic” print makes no sense. But the instant the criterion of authenticity ceases to be applicable to artistic production, the total function of art is reversed. In my opinion the ideas from Walter Benjamin applies to contemporary digital media in many ways. Is it the same listening to music(mp3) that comes from your own laptop and listening to Jimi Hendrix performing a sole of guitar? No, because a live performance is unique and it gives you stronger emotions. I never saw Hendrix because I’ m too young, so I must be grateful to youtube that allows me to see him. But now this is my questions: I discoverd Hendrix because I saw a lot of concert and I loved guitar, but a teen ager how spend all his day in front of computer, listening to music from the computer and how never try to play any instrument, will he be able to appreciate a guitar solo? Will he be able to play a guitar solo? I think it’s wonderful that everyone can create music from his computer, but if in future music will be without instruments I think there will be the end of aura for music

02 April, 2008

Searching on the internet (by using a search engine that isn't Google or Wikipedia)

Who was the creator of the infamous “lovebug” computer virus?
Onel de Guzman who had been a computer school student at the college(pcworld.about.com/news/Nov132000id33392.htm - 32k) (archives.cnn.com/2000/TECH/.../06/29/philippines.lovebug.02/index.html)
This news comes from a credible web page like CNN

Who invented the paper clip?
Johan Vaaler, a Norwegian inventor with a degree in electronics, science and mathematics, invented the paperclip in 1899(inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blpaperclip.htm - 24k).
Although, the claim has been disputed, most sources cite Norwegian Johan Vaaler as the inventor of the simple yet effective paper clip(ask.yahoo.com/20031120.html - 11k)
I found different answers to this questions, but I think my source are credible.

How did the Ebola virus get its name?
Ebola is a virus, named after a river in the Democratic Republic of Congo(Zaire), where it was first discovered. ( edcp.org/factsheets/ebola.html)
I found a lot of web sites with this information
( www.crystalinks.com/ebola.html)(http://www.answers.com/topic/ebola?cat=health)

What country had the largest recorded earthquake?
The largest earthquake in the world was recorded in Chile on 1960.(magnitude9.5)
(earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/events/1960_05_22.php) (news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/7311945.stm)
I found a lot of web sites with this information

In computer memory/storage terms, how many kilobytes in a terabyte?
There are 1024 bytes in KB,1024KB in a MB,1024 in a GB and 1024GB in a terabyte.In a terabyte there are 1073741824 kilobytes. (www.t1shopper.com/tools/calculate)
It’s a calculating web side, so It should be correct(if you put data in a correct way)


Who is the creator of email?
In 1971 Tomlinson developed the first ARPANET email application and informed his colleagues by sending them an e mail using the new program with inscructions on how to use it.
( www.livinginternet.com/e/ei.htm)
(www.nethistory.info/History%20of%20the%20Internet/email.html)


What is the storm worm, and how many computers are infected by it?
Storm worm is one of the largest and most sophisticated cyber froud ever constructed. Expert have put numbers of Storm infected PCs at close to 10 million.
(http://blog.washingtonpost.com/securityfix/2007/10/the_storm_worm_maelstrom_or_te.html?nav=rss_blog)
This news comes from a credible web page like Washington Post.


If you wanted to contact the prime minister of Australia directly, what is the most efficient way?
You can send a message direct to Prime Minister through Prime Minister website
http://pm.gov.au/contact/index.cfm


Which Brisbane-based punk band is Stephen Stockwell (Head of the School of Arts) a member of?
The Black Assassins
www.griffith.edu.au/school/art/staff/stockwell.htm


What does the term "Web 2.0" mean in your own words ?
One ingredient of its meaning is certainly Ajax(web-based applications can now be made to work much more like desktop ones) and another ingredient is democracy: we now have several examples to prove that amateurs can surpass professionals, when they have the right kind of system to channel their efforts
(www.paulgraham.com/web20.html)
I m not sure obuot this source

16 March, 2008

My relationship with new communication technologies

I've never been so interest in new communicatino technologies.
Only last year I bagan to use a pc seriously, when I started to write down my thesis: an example of plan for an effective communication for non profit organizations and prosocial purposes.
In that situation I discovered MySpace,blogs,ect. and now I'm fascinate professionally by the potential of new communication technologies, but hey are not for me. I use MSN and it's great because it's useful: it allows us to communicate in a free way worldwide, but I don't use, for example, Facebook for 2 reasons: 1)In these days we remain hours in front of our computer for work and I don't want to spend my freetime in front of a screen; 2)Anyone can publish my images and I can' avoid that(maybe because I don't even know that there is that picture on line).
I consider this an abuse of privacy: I prefer to show my pictures in person and to be owner of my own image(as more as possible).
Blog is different, I wuold like to run my personal blog and maybe I will do thst after this course.

09 March, 2008

"That' s me...."

I' m Sara. There are a lot of stuffs that makes me happy, a better person, or that makes me pain and disgusted in this world. I would like to talk about that here... Communication is one of my main interest. I hope I will have a job that allows me to help people, but I'm interesest in Divertissment too, because it can really save us ! I ' m curiuos (but a little bit lazy) and critical. I try to not judge, but to understend other points of view. so try to understend MY point of view!